[Sharing Lights]

The Protocols were part of propaganda campaign which accompanied the
pogroms of 1905 inspired by the Okhrana.

A variant text of the Protocols
was published by George Butmi in 1906 and again in 1907.

The edition of
1906 was found among the Czar's collection, even though he had already
recognized the work as a forgery.

In his later editions, Nilus claimed
that the Protocols had been read secretly at the First Zionist Congress at
Basle in 1897, while Butmi in his edition wrote that they had no
connection with the new Zionist movement, but rather were part of the
Masonic conspiracy.

In the civil war following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917,
the reactionary White Armies made extensive use of the Protocols
to incite widespread slaughters of Jews.

At the same time, Russian
emigrants brought the Protocols to western Europe, where the Nilus
edition served as the basis for many translations, starting in 1920.


Just after its appearance in London in 1920, Lucien Wolf exposed the
Protocols as a plagiary of the earlier work of Joly and Goedsche, in
a pamphlet of the Jewish Board of Deputies.

The following year, in
1921, the story of the forgery was published in a series of articles
in the London Times by Philip Grave, the paper's correspondent in
Constantinople.

A whole book documenting the forgery was also published in
the same year in America by Herman Bernstein. Nevertheless, the Protocols
continued to circulate widely.

They were even sponsored by Henry Ford in
the United States until 1927, and formed an important part of the Nazis'
justification of genocide of the Jews in World War II.

Bibliography

Lucien Wolf. The Jewish Bogey and the Forged Protocols of the Learned
Elders of Zion. Press Committee of the Jewish Board of Deputies, London
(1920).

The Truth About "The Protocols": A Literary Forgery. From The Times
of August 16, 17, and 18, 1921. Printing House Square, London.

Encyclopaedia Judaica. Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem (1971), entries
on Antisemitism and Elders of Zion, Protocols of the Learned.

Herman Bernstein. The Truth About "The Protocols of Zion" (reprinted with
introduction by Norman Cohn). Ktav Publishing House, New York (1971).

Norman Cohn. Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy
and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Brown Judaic Studies, No. 23).
Scholars Press, Chico, CA (1981).

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Two relevant files are available in the archives at
oneb.almanac.bc.ca:

1. FASCISM/PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS.001 - an article from the LA Times
(1993) concerning a Russian court ruling concerning the forgery of
the "Protocols."

2. FASCISM/PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS.ZION - an interesting article by Dr.
Kerens (alt.revisionism) about the history of the Protocols.

Either may be obtained from listserv@oneb.almanac.bc.ca by sending
these commands as the text of a message:

GET FASCISM/PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS.001
GET FASCISM/PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS.ZION

The Russian court found that the Protocols were forged in Russia, by
the Czar's secret police, in 1903.

The Nizkor Project: An Electronic Holocaust Resource

(For full file listing, send INDEX to listserv@oneb.almanac.bc.ca)
kmcvay@oneb.almanac.bc.ca
http://www.island.net/~kmcvay/rue/RUE1-HomePage.html

_______________________

Additional notes:

Maurice Joly's "Dialogues in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu" is
commonly cited as the source for the PoEZ. In fact, it appears that Joly
plagiarized a good amount of the material from Eugene Sue's "The
Mysteries of the People". (Sue was an outrageous popular novelist whose
characters were taken quite seriously to the extent that mail was sent to
various persona in "Les Mysteres de Paris".) In Sue's work, the plotters
were Jesuits, however.

In the novel "Joseph Balsamo" by Dumas, there is a scene in which
Cagliostro and company plot the Diamond Necklace affair. In 1868, a German
bureaucrat and dedicated pamphleteer (Hermann Goedsche) wrote a novel
called "Biarritz" under the name of Sir John Retcliffe. He borrowed
heavily from Dumas for a scene of plotters in a graveyard, but made these
plotters the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel and their
master rabbi.

A Russian named Rachovsky raided the house of a man named Elie de Cyon, an
enemy of his patron's. He found a copy of Joly's work in which Cyon has
substituted the name of the patron (Witte) to make the plot his idea.
Rachovsky then re-edited and released it with Cyon's name and attributed
the plot to the Jews.

In the US, it was most recently republished (as legit) in Bill Cooper's
magnum opus "Behold a Pale Horse". (If you want to read it, this may be
the easiest to find.)

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