[quote=mrg]
In personamJurisdiction
A Law Dictionary, 1839
Bouvier, John, 1787-1851.
IN PERSONAM, remedies.
A remedy in personam, is one where the proceedings are against the
person, in contradistinction to those which are against specific things, or
in rem. (q. v.) 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2646.
PERSON. This word is applied to men, women and children, who are called natural persons.
In law, man and person are not exactly synonymous terms.
Any human being is a man, whether he be a member of society or not, whatever may be the rank he holds, or whatever may be his age, sex, &c.
A person is a man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the rights to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duties which it imposes. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 137.
2. It is also used to denote a corporation which is an artificial person. 1 Bl. Com. 123; 4 Bing. 669; C. 33 Eng. C. L R. 488; Wooddes. Lect. 116; Bac. Us. 57; 1 Mod. 164.
ARTIFICIAL. What is the result of, or relates to, the arts; opposed to natural; thus we say a corporation is an artificial person, in opposition to a natural person.
Artificial accession is the uniting one property to another by art, opposed to a simple natural union. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 503.
ARTIFICIAL PERSON. In a figurative sense, a body of men or company are sometimes called an artificial person, because the law associates them as one, and gives them various powers possessed by natural persons.
Corporations are such artificial persons. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 177.
3. But when the word "Persons" is spoken of in legislative acts, natural persons will be intended, unless something appear in the context to show that it applies to artificial persons. 1 Scam. R. 178.
[4.,5., obsolete]
6. Persons are also divided into citizens, (q. v.) and aliens, (q. v.) when viewed with regard to their political rights.
When they are considered in relation to their civil rights, they are living or civilly dead; vide Civil Death; outlaws; and infamous persons.
In Websters International English Dictionary pub 1895 the general definition of PERSON:
1. Mask worn by actors
2. An actor as in a play; an impersonator
3. An outward bodily appearance, She is loving and sweet in her person;
PERSON- a living self-conscious being distinct from an animal or thing.
ARTIFICIAL PERSON or FICTICIOUS PERSON a corporation or a body-politic
NATURAL PERSON distinct from a corporation
BODY POLITIC the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized or as exercising political functions; also a corporation.
Corporation a body politic or corporate formed and authorized by law to act as a single person.
Check out the way they have redefined natural person. However in the gov only has power to rule over corporations and NOT over living self-conscious beings you can see clearly how they trap you.
For example the quote I believe Weis provided in a court case where the judge said, if this were common law we wouldn't even be here. or something to that effect.
Now couple that with the adminastrative procedures act and the the "judges are merely clerks of the agency (that brought the offender into court) to confirm the PROCESS was correctly carried out. I's dotted and T's crossed.
Just my observation.
This is great info
Kitchie