No probable cause, no investigation, no talkee to copee.
Nothing says they can't lie. If you find something that does, let me know.
Detention must be based on specific, articulable facts and rational
inference. "Unparticularized suspicion" and "inarticulate hunches"
alone are not good enough. A valid "investigative stop" must be based
on "reasonable articulable suspicion"(RAS)
US vs. Briggman, 931 F2d 705 (1991)
US vs. Strickland, 902 F2d 937 (1990)
US vs. Stranhan, 984 F2d 155 (1993)
Pretextual traffic stops are a violation of the 4th Amendment.
US vs. Eldridge, 984 F2d 943 (1993)
2. The Initial Questioning
I may refuse to provide the police with ID or information.
US vs. Brown, 731 F2d 1491 (1984)
Moya vs. US, 761 F2d 322 (1985)
Brown vs. Texas, 443 F2d 47 (1993)
I may not be arrested solely to ascertain my identity.
Arrington vs. McDonald, 808 F2d 466 (1986)
http://justiceprose.8m.com/carl/carl14.html