The Office of Citizen

[aksis]

The Office of Citizen

A POLITICAL BRIEF
for the
People
who are de jure and de facto
JOINT HEIRS, CO-OWNERS, AND CO-RULERS
of these
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


by Christopher Theodore of the family of Rhodes

POLITICAL. Pertaining to policy, or the administration of the government. Political rights are those which may be exercised in the formation or administration of the government... A political corporation is one which has principally for its object the administration of the government, or to which the powers of government, or a part of such powers, have been delegated.

-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (in part)

Preface

When I was younger, I had read and been inspired by an article simply titled “Sovereign”, and without including an amended version of it in the beginning of this brief, I believe many will fail to see why it is so important to comprehend that a “Citizen” is the title of an Office of a political corporation named United States of America, and that there is a higher position or rank in relation to this body politic, that is inherent to each and every one of the people, which is, namely:

Sovereign

There is a movement within our country by many men and women who are discovering the sovereignty that is rightfully inherent in themselves and each and every one of the people that embodied on Earth, specifically the part called “America”.

By definition, as sovereigns, we are free to be and do anything we want. At first glance this may seem to imply that the sovereign is free of all social and moral constraints and without qualification this could lead to what may be termed Sovereign Immunity Syndrome, i.e., a condition whereby one erroneously believes he or she is the only sovereign, and therefore is above the law, as opposed to a sovereign who is surrounded by a whole world of other sovereigns, each having been endowed with the same unalienable Rights, Powers, and Duties.

The law of nature is defined as, “that which God, the sovereign of the universe, has prescribed to all men, not by any formal promulgation, but by the internal dictate of reason alone. It is discovered by a just consideration of the agreeableness or disagreeableness of human actions to the nature of man; and it comprehends all the duties which we owe either to the Supreme Being, to ourselves, or to our neighbors” and via this just and reasonable consideration, there is one main principle recognized in all the major religions and philosophies (including Atheism), called the principle of reciprocity, which is based on Cause and Effect. This principle gives birth to the root of the common law, which is: “Do naught unto others as you would not have done to you.” Of this root principle is born the common law, which has has two major governing precepts. First, as a sovereign one is free to be and do anything he/she pleases as long as whatever is done does not injure another sovereign in his/her body, Character, person[s], or property; and second, that the sovereign honor all contracts and agreements that were entered into knowingly, voluntarily and willingly.

To have freedom as a sovereign requires responsibility. Because one becomes aware of his/her sovereignty does not grant license to ride rough shod over whoever gets in the way or whoever doesn’t have the same awareness of his/her sovereignty. The genuine sovereign will give respect to all other sovereigns, even those who may not be currently aware that they are sovereign. There is no asking permission to be sovereign. If you were born and are a real flesh and blood human, you are sovereign. That does not, however, guarantee that the sovereignty potential has been actualized. There is a Latin term in law, "res ipsa loquitur", which means, "the thing speaks for itself." If one is truly living as a sovereign, it will speak for itself. Unfortunately, in our land the vast majority are sovereigns who have yet to realize and actualize their potential.

The term Sovereign is defined in Webster’s Dictionary as "Having supreme rank, power and authority…being above all others…rightful status of independence and prerogative…" In Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition Sovereign is defined as "A person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; a chief ruler with supreme power; a king or other ruler in a monarchy.”

Prior to the statutory maze that now curses the citizenry of this land, we were subject to the law of nature and the common law. The United States, by way of the Constitution, adopted the Common Laws of England. Caldwell v. Hill 176 S.E. 383 (1934). The Law of the Land means the Common Law Taylor v. Porter (4 Hill) 140, 146, State v. Simon, (2 Spears) 761, 767.

The Constitution was adopted and made by people in their capacity as Sovereigns. Therefore, as a whole, the United States emanates from the people, thus the laws and constitutions of the several states are subordinate to the Constitution of the United States and the laws made pursuant to it. "at the Revolution, the sovereignty devolved on the people; and they are truly the sovereigns of the country, but they are sovereigns without subjects... and have none to govern but themselves" Chisholm. v. Georgia, (2 Dall) 415, 472. "Sovereignty itself is, of course, not subject to law; but in our system, while sovereign powers are delegated to the agencies of government, sovereignty itself remains with the people, by whom and for whom all government exists and acts. And the law is the definition and limitation of power." Yick Wo vs Hopkins and Woo Lee vs Hopkins 118 U.S. 356.

"To the Constitution of the United States the term SOVEREIGN is totally unknown. There is but one place where it could have been used with propriety. But, even in that place it would not, perhaps, have comported with the delicacy of those who ordained and established that Constitution. They might have announced themselves ‘SOVEREIGN’ people of the United States. But serenely conscious of the fact, they avoided the ostentatious declaration." Chisholm v. Georgia, (2 Dall) 440, 455. Thus, the People themselves, either singly or collectively, are sovereign, supra at 456, over both the State and the federal government and are the true SOVEREIGNS within this nation. "The people of the state, as the successors of its former sovereign, are entitled to all the rights which formerly belonged to the king by his own prerogative." Lansing v. Smith, (1829) 4 Wendell 9, (NY).

Preliminaries

The purpose of this political brief is to bring to light a few very important facts that seem to have been overlooked or obfuscated over the last 200 hundred years. Some People reading this may find that these facts are going to contradict with some concepts they hold to be true but which are actually quasi-factual perception, or even a completely false reality and idea of what the United States of America technically is, and what a Citizen of the United States technically is. While the title of the brief says a lot about the subject matter of this brief, before the “Office of Citizen” can be 'looked' at, it must be presented in proper context.

This proper context is going to be prepared in steps, from the Big Picture down to the main focus of this brief, and the first step is to point out a perception that goes without saying, but has not been said enough, and thus, is seemingly over looked or take for granted. One of the goals of this brief is to make a clear distinction between basic reality and all of the abstract imaginary mental constructs that we have been exposed to over the years. For example, the imaginary territory lines drawn on maps of Earth, are just that, imaginary.

The Universe is the Big Picture. Earth is formed in the Universe, as all things are, and the atmosphere of Earth and all within it (herein “Earth”), forms what is called a natural state, or the state of Nature. While it would be the most accurate and proper to call the Universe the state of Nature, and then describe naturally forming sub-states in the state of Nature with a terms like galaxy, solar system, planet, etc.. the particular natural sub-state that is the setting of the main topic of this political brief is located on the planet called “Earth”, and therefore, it is prudent to limit the contemplation of the state of Nature to Earth. As you will find later in this brief the word "state" is going to be being used in a very different context, make note of the distinction between a natural state and a Nation State as you read.

Now, picture for a moment, if you will, the tiny planet of Earth in the Universe as it makes it's slow orbit around the Sun from a point of view as if you were standing on the moon. It is not like a globe with all it's lines and names drawn upon it. The natural perspective of the planet Earth is much like NASA photographs that many have seen. 'Looking' at the Earth from this vantage point, we 'observe' there are various continents and the ocean. The ocean constitutes one large natural state, and granted, on maps there have been imaginary lines drawn to section the ocean into different regions, and these different regions have been named, yet, in reality, the ocean is one continuous body of water, thus, only one natural state. Rising out of the water are the 7 main bodies of land that are called continents: Europe, Antarctica, Asia, Africa, Australia, North & South America.

These 7 large land masses each constitute natural states as would each of the hundreds of little islands, and they are naturally divided from one another by the ocean. Some may point out that the Panama Canal is “man made”, but note that the ocean is now naturally dividing North America from South America.

Our main subject matter and the focal point of this brief is located on the continent of North America, and while you may think I am referring to all those “imaginary lines” drawn on maps, or a “section” of North America, or perhaps even some “imaginary bubble” many people make-believe they live in, I am not. See, the United States of America are not “bubbles”... the United States of America are not even technically the section of land on North America they protect and serve... the truth is quite simple:

“The United States of America are a Corporation”

Many People reading this brief may be a little shocked to find out that, by definition, "the United States of America are a corporation", that a “Citizen” is a constitutionally created Office, and that they, the United States of America, have always been corporation[s]. This is technically what "We, the People" created when We ordained and established the Constitutions of the several States, and the Constitution of the United States of America, we created corporations.

Granted, they are a very different kind of corporation then a Walmart, a Goodwill, a Bank of America, etc.. but in essence, they are corporations that have been created for the purposes of protecting and providing various services to the People who created and compose the several States. The areas of land marked off on maps that these corporations protect and serve, and how this protection and these various services are to be provided, are defined in detail in the Constitutions of the several States and the United States of America, and this subject matter is not going to be covered within the scope of this brief.

Now, a statement was made that, "by definition the United States of America are a corporation", and before a quote of the definition is provided, make note that there are many law dictionaries available. It is imperative for anyone who is going to study the Constitutions to comprehend that the particular law dictionary and sources of definitions that are the authority on terms in the Constitution is Bouvier's Law Dictionary – A Law Dictionary Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of the American Union by John Bouvier, Revised Sixth Edition (1856), which is compiled from sources like, The Law of Nations, older supreme Court decisions, the Statutes at Large, and other authoritative sources. You can find the version being quoted hosted at http://www.constitution.org/bouv/bouvier.htm.

While Blacks Law Dictionary is a very fine law dictionary (among a few others), and is defiantly the authority on current legal documents, Bouvier's Law Dictionary and the other sources mentioned are the authority on the definition of terms in older Documents like the Declaration of Independence, for example, or the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution for the United States of America, the Constitutions of the several States, earlier volumes of the Statutes at Large, and the like.

Also, as you can see, this version of Bouvier's is from 1856, and so I must point out that one will find racist and sexist definitions for a few of the terms. These few definitions are no longer accurate and stand amended in modern language and in law (as you read them, simply pretend racist and/or sexist section have been deleted, stricken, or revised), but keep in mind the danger of amendment to definitions of terms used in the Constitution, and this must be emphasized: Amendment to definitions of terms in the Constitution changes the “Supreme Law of the Land”, and so it is very VERY important to preserve the original definitions, with VERY FEW exceptions! This is the main reason why Blacks Law Dictionary (among others), is not the authority, and, why I will be quoting definitions from Bouvier's and the sources this Dictionary was rendered from. On that note, the definition of the term "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" (in relevant part):

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The name of this country. ...

5. The United States of America are a corporation endowed with the capacity to sue and be sued, to convey and receive property. 1 Marsh. Dec. 177, 181.

-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)(emphasis added)

The United States Code also evidences the fact that the United States of America are a corporation:

U.S. Code > TITLE 28 > PART VI > CHAPTER 176 > SUBCHAPTER A > § 3002

(15) "United States" means —

(A) a Federal corporation;

(B) an agency, department, commission, board, or other entity of the United States; or

(C) an instrumentality of the United States.

There you have it. It is an established and proven fact that the United States of America are corporations.

Now, at this point in this brief some people may be thinking that the United States are more then just corporations, they are “Nations” or “States”. This begs the question of, “What is the definition of the term 'Nation' or 'State'?” and the definition of these terms, as subject matter of International Law, come from The Law of Nations, which is authoritative International Law and is recognized as such in the Constitution of the United States (Art. I, Sec. 8. ... “To define and punish... Offences against the Law of Nations;”):

THE LAW OF NATIONS – PRELIMINARIES.
IDEA AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF NATIONS.

§ 1. What is meant by a nation or state.

NATIONS or states are bodies politic, societies of men united together for the purpose of promoting their mutual safely and advantage by the joint efforts of their combined strength.

--The Law of Nations (emphasis added)

We now must look at what exactly a “society” and a “body politic” are, according to definition:

SOCIETY. A society is a number of persons united together by mutual consent, in order to deliberate, determine, and act jointly for some common purpose.

2. Societies are either incorporated and known to the law, or unincorporated, of which the law does not generally take notice.

3. By civil society is usually understood a state, (q.v.) a nation, (q.v.) or a body politic. (q.v.) Rutherf. Inst. c. 1 and 2.

4. In the civil law, by society is meant a partnership. Inst. 3, 26; Dig. 17, 2 Code, 4, 37.


BODY POLITIC. government, corporations. When applied to the government this phrase signifies the state.

2. As to the persons who compose the body politic, they take collectively the name, of people, or nation; and individually they are citizens, when considered in relation to their political rights, and subjects as being submitted to the laws of the state.

3. When it refers to corporations, the term body politic means that the members of such corporations shall be considered as an artificial person.


MEMBER. This word has various significations:

1. The limits of the body useful in self-defence. Membrum est pars corporis habens destinatum operationem in corpore. Co. Litt. 126 a. See Limbs.

2.-2. An individual who belongs to a firm, partnership, company or corporation. Vide Corporation; Partnership.

3.-3. One who belongs to a legislative body, or other branch of the government; as, a member of the house of representatives; a member of the court.

-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)(emphasis added)

So after this short review of the definitions of the terms “Nation”, “State”, “Society”, and “body politic”, (even the term "member"), we find that all these terms regard corporations. In the case of “society”, the United States of America are obviously known to the law, and thus, in fact, are “incorporated societies”. Also, according to the definition of “body politic”, when this term refers to corporations, the members of corporations are considered artificial persons. This is a very important point and will be gone into in the next section.

Person[s]

At this point in this brief, it is important to define the term “person” as it is being used in the law for those that may be new to the language of law or as a refresher. This term has been used a few times in other definitions, and a clear understanding of this words use is very key to comprehending the Constitution and matters of State. While most people use this word loosely in everyday communication, as you will soon find out, by definition, human beings are not persons.

The word “person” comes from the word persona - which is not defined in the law dictionaries, so we now look to common dictionaries, and persona is defined as, "an actor's portrayal of someone in a play; a facade that one presents to the world (Jungian psychology); a character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character; the mask an actor wears.”

Now that we have looked at a brief history of this word, the etymology of it, the legal definition of the term “person” will be a little clearer, read this very carefully:

PERSON. This word is applied to men, women and children, who are called natural persons. In law, man and person are not exactly synonymous terms. Any human being is a man, whether he be a member of society or not, whatever may be the rank he holds, or whatever may be his age, sex, etc.. A person is a man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the rights to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duties which it imposes.

2. It is also used to denote a corporation which is an artificial person. ...

-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) (in part - emphasis added)

It is very important to make note there are two main types of persons: natural persons and artificial persons, and that, while a human being may have a natural person, they are not their natural person. It would be akin to saying that an actor (a man) can be the same thing as a mask they wear in a play (their persona). This is not true or possible, the 'actor' can never be the 'mask'. The 'actor' wears the 'mask', or has a 'mask'.

There is quite a debate regarding what exactly a natural person is. From one point of view, a human being described on paper constitutes their natural person. Others would say that the human being is the natural person.

An artificial person is a corporation. One will find there are many other types of artificial persons and that an office of a corporation is included in the term artificial person, as are trusts and trustees, and other kinds of commercial legal entities (i.e. joint ventures, non-profit organizations, partnerships, Nations, States, etc..). An artificial person is constituted with paper, ink, and pen, and while an argument could be made that there are other ways an artificial persons can be created, for example, a character in a movie, for the purposes of this article the particular artificial persons being examined are creations of paper and ink. i.e. A personnel file would contain most or all the documents constituting a particular artificial person of an employee of a private corporation. The private corporation would be created with a Constitution a.k.a. Articles of Incorporation which is the initial corpus of any corporation.

Now, remember the definitions from above, in law a society is a corporation, and another look at a part of the definition of the term 'person', “a person is a man considered according to the rank they hold in society”, so this use of the term 'person' can only be an artificial person. Also remember, that according to the definition of “body politic”, when this term refers to corporations, all the members of corporations are considered artificial persons. While it is true that all people are created equal, the members of the body politic have different ranks. For example, in the Army, the person of the “Master Sergeant” is a higher rank then a “Sergeant”.

Another very good example of an artificial person, that is very relevant to the main subject matter of this article, is the “Office of the President of the United States of America”. This is the Title of an artificial person. This artificial person is created in the Constitution of the political corporation United States of America. The “President” is the man considered according to the rank he holds in society. Some people may be noticing that an artificial person (United States) can have other artificial persons (like the Office of President) in them.

Corporations

It is an established fact that the United States were, are, and remain corporations and that corporations are artificial persons. While there have been many changes in the structure of these corporations over the centuries and new many corporations have been created and joined the union, the fact that they are corporations doesn't change.

Each of the several States is a corporation, and as a Union, they also form another corporation. The Union of these political corporations is what the name United States of America regards. So, in fact, there are 51 corporations when discussing the United States of America. The District of Columbia is also a corporation (see District of Columbia Organic Act, Statutes at Large, 41st Congress - Sess. III - Chap 62, Feb. 21st, 1871, page 419), and there are other corporations that should be considered, but that is subject matter for a different article.

At this point, readers may be wondering what a “corporation” is according to definition, and while the main focus is on public and political corporations, and this is a particularly long definition, the entire definition is being quoted to provide a general overview of corporations according to definition:

CORPORATION. An aggregate corporation is an ideal body, created by law, composed of individuals united under a common name, the members of which succeed each other, so that the body continues the same, notwithstanding the changes of the individuals who compose it, and which for certain purposes is considered as a natural person. Browne's Civ. Law, 99; Civ. Code of Lo. Art. 418; 2 Kent's Com. 215. Mr. Kyd, (Corpor. vol. 1, p. 13,) defines a corporation as follows: "A corporation, or body politic, or body incorporate, is a collection of many; individuals united in one body, under a special denomination, having perpetual succession under an artificial form, and vested by the policy of the law, with a capacity of acting in several respects as an individual, particularly of taking and granting property, contracting obligations, and of suing and being sued; of enjoying privileges and immunities in common, and of exercising a variety of political rights, more or less extensive, according to the design of its institution, or the powers conferred upon it, either at the time of its creation, or at any subsequent period of its existence." In the case of Dartmouth College against Woodward, 4 Wheat. Rep. 626, Chief Justice Marshall describes a corporation to be "an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of law. Being the mere creature of law," continues the judge, "it possesses only those properties which the charter of its creation confers upon it, either expressly or as incidental to its very existence. These are such as are supposed best calculated to effect the object for which it was created. Among the most important are immortality, and if the expression may be allowed, individuality properties by which a perpetual succession of many persons are considered, as the same, and may act as the single individual, They enable a corporation to manage its own affairs, and to hold property without the perplexing intricacies, the hazardous and endless necessity of perpetual conveyance for the purpose of transmitting it from hand to hand. It is chiefly for the purpose of clothing bodies of men, in succession, with these qualities and capacities, that corporations were invented, and are in use." See 2 Bl. Corn. 37.

2. The words corporation and incorporation are frequently confounded, particularly in the old books. The distinction between them is, however, obvious; the one is the institution itself, the other the act by which the institution is created.

3. Corporations are divided into public and private.

4. Public corporations, which are also called political, and sometimes municipal corporations, are those which have for their object the government of a portion of the state; Civil Code of Lo. art. 420 and although in such case it involves some private interests, yet, as it is endowed with a portion of political power, the term public has been deemed appropriate.

5. Another class of public corporations are those which are founded for public, though not for political or municipal purposes, and the, whole interest in which belongs to the government. The Bank of Philadelphia, for example, if the whole stock belonged exclusively to the government, would be a public corporation; but inasmuch as there are other owners of the stock, it is a private corporation. Domat's Civil Law, 452 4 Wheat. R. 668; 9 Wheat. R. 907 8 M'Cord's R. 377 1 Hawk's R. 36; 2 Kent's Corn. 222.

6. Nations or states, are denominated by publicists, bodies politic, and are said to have their affairs and interests, and to deliberate and resolve, in common. They thus become as moral persons, having an understanding and will peculiar to themselves, and are susceptible of obligations and laws. Vattel, 49. In this extensive sense the United States may be termed a corporation; and so may each state singly. Per Iredell, J. 3 Dall. 447.

7. Private corporations. In the popular meaning of the term, nearly every corporation is public, inasmuch as they are created for the public benefit; but if the whole interest does not belong to the government, or if the corporation is not created for the administration of political or municipal power, the corporation is private. A bank, for instance, may be created by the government for its own uses; but if the stock is owned by private persons, it is a private corporation, although it is created by the government, and its operations partake of a private nature. 9 Wheat. R. 907. The rule is the same in the case of canal, bridge, turnpike, insurance companies, and the like. Charitable or literary corporations, founded by private benefaction, are in point of law private corporations, though dedicated to public charity, or for the general promotion of learning. Ang. & Ames on Corp. 22.

8. Private corporations are divided into ecclesiastical and lay.

9. Ecclesiastical corporations, in the United States, are commonly called religious corporations they are created to enable religious societies to manage with more facility and advantage, the temporalities belonging to the church or congregation.

10. Lay corporations are divided into civil and eleemosynary. Civil corporations are created for an infinite variety of temporal purposes, such as affording facilities for obtaining loans of money; the making of canals, turnpike roads, and the like. And also such as are established for the advancement of learning. 1 Bl. Com. 471.

11. Eleemosynary corporations are such as are instituted upon a principle of charity, their object being the perpetual distribution of the bounty of the founder of them, to such persons as he has directed. Of this kind are hospitals for the relief of the impotent, indigent and sick, or deaf and dumb. 1 Kyd on Corp. 26; 4 Conn. R. 272; Angell & A. on Corp. 26.

12. Corporations, considered in another point of view, are either sole or aggregate.

13. A sole corporation, as its name implies, consists of only one person, to whom and his successors belongs that legal perpetuity, the enjoyment of which is denied to all natural persons. 1 Black Com. 469. Those corporations are not common in the United States. In those states, however, where the religious establishment of the church of England was adopted, when they were colonies, together with the common law on that subject, the minister of the parish was seised of the freehold, as persona ecclesiae, in the same manner as in England; and the right of his successors to the freehold being thus established was not destroyed by the abolition of the regal government, nor can it be divested even by an act of the state legislature. 9 Cranch, 828.

14. A sole corporation cannot take personal property in succession; its corporate capacity of taking property is confined altogether to real estate. 9 Cranch, 43.

15. An aggregate corporation consists of several persons, who are' united in one society, which is continued by a succession of members. Of this kind are the mayor or commonalty of a city; the heads and fellows of a college; the members of trading companies, and the like. 1 Kyd on Corp. 76; 2 Kent's Com. 221 Ang. & A. on Corp. 20. See, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.

As this brief is not intended to be an exhaustive treaties on corporations, and due to the fact that some knowledge of them is key to clear understanding of the subject matter of this brief, it is advised that readers do some independent study of corporations, how they are created, the different kinds, etc..

While private corporations are very different kinds of corporations then public corporations, they are modeled after or follow suit of public corporations in how they are formed and function. So a basic understanding of private corporations will shed so light on the topic of public corporations.

Private vs. Public

Another topic that is very impotent to be clear upon is the difference between the “Private” and “Public”. While many people, speaking loosely, misuse or seem to misuse these terms all the time, they are as important to clear understanding of law and the States as the word “person”, and since they have been used in the definition of the term 'corporation' and will be very relevant to comprehending the Office of Citizen, a short distinction is in order:

PRIVATE. Not general, as a private act of the legislature; not in office; as, a private person, as well as an officer, may arrest a felon; individual, as your private interest; not public, as a private way, a private nuisance.


PUBLIC. By the term the public, is meant the whole body politic, or all the citizens of the state; sometimes it signifies the inhabitants of a particular place; as, the New York public.

2. A distinction has been made between the terms public and general, they are sometimes used as synonymous. The former term is applied strictly to that which concerns all the citizens and every member of the state; while the latter includes a lesser, though still a large portion of the community. Greenl. Ev. Sec. 128.

3. When the public interests and its rights conflict with those of an individual, the latter must yield. Co. Litt. 181. if, for example, a road is required for public convenience, and in its course it passes on the ground occupied by a house, the latter must be torn down, however valuable it may be to the owner. In such a case both law and justice require that the owner shall be fully indemnified.

4. This term is sometimes joined to other terms, to designate those things which have a relation to the public; as, a public officer, a public road, a public passage, a public house.

One is either in the Public or one is not. If you are a government employee, you are in the Public, if you are not an employee, then you are not a member of the Public. According to the definition, the public is the whole body politic. It includes each and everyone of the People while they are holding any Office in the United States of America. Someone who is not in Office is regarded as Private.

Public Offices and the Office of Citizen

OFFICE. An office is a right to exercise a public function or employment, and to take the fees and emoluments belonging to it,. Shelf. on Mortm. 797; Cruise, Dig. Index, h.t.; 3 Serg. & R. 149.

CITIZEN, persons. One who, under the constitution and laws of the United States, has a right to vote for representatives in congress, and other public officers, and who is qualified to fill offices in the gift of the people.
-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) (emphasis added)

Voting is a very obvious public function. An office is a right to exercise a public function and a Citizen has a right to vote. Thus, “Citizen” is the title of an Office. The Office of Citizen. Also make note, that while there have been some changes to the definition of this term by amendment to the Constitution, yet, the fact that “Citizen” is an Office is not something that has been amended.

Like any office in any corporations constitution, the first use of the term Citizen in the Constitution of the United States is the point of creation of the Office, and it's creation occurs in Article I – Section 2. in the second paragraph:

Article I – Section. 2. ... No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

The following are all the other sections in the Constitution of the United States pertaining to the Office of Citizen of the United States:

Article I – Section. 3. ... No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

Article II – Section. 1. ... No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

Article III – Section. 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; — to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; — to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; — to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; — to Controversies between two or more States; — between a State and Citizens of another State [Modified by Amendment XI]; — between Citizens of different States; — between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

Article IV – Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

Amendment XI – The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

[de jure Amendment XIII] – If any Citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or retain any Title of Nobility or Honour, or shall, without the Consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, Pension, Office or Emolument of any kind whatever, from any Emperor, King, Prince or foreign Power, such Person shall cease to be a Citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any Office of Trust or Profit under them, or either of them.

NOTE: Overwhelming evidence has come to light regarding this Amendment to the Constitution and according to the facts established by the evidence this Amendment was Proposed in 1810; and was Ratified in 1819. You are encouraged to visit http://www.amendment-13.org to make a thorough review of all the evidence accumulated and published by the TONA Research Committee, who's work establish this is, in fact, the de jure 13th amendment to the Constitution.

Amendment XIV – Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Amendment XV – Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Amendment XIX – The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Amendment XXIV – Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Amendment XXVI – Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

-- Constitution of the United States of America (in part)

The Private People

At first glance the term “private people” may be taken to mean that someone doesn't like to go and be around other People, or that they are secretive and recluse. That is not at all how it is intended. Private people are people who are not in Office, and this includes the Office of Citizen. Many people are under the impression that they must be Citizens or Aliens, and while private people are neither Citizens or Aliens, this begs the question of: "what they are People?"

The answer is quite simple. People are people - "any group of human beings (men, women, or children) collectively."

When 'speaking' in public terms, individual members of the body politic are Citizens. When 'speaking' in private terms, non-public terms, or un-Official terms, one of the individual people would be a man, a woman, or a child. We also call them by their names.

Now, some of the people reading this brief may be a little confused at this point. There is a concept that if you are born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, your are automatically a citizen of the United States and of the State wherein you reside. This will be addressed in this next section.


The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America

Amendment XIV – Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

This Amendment is going to be broken down in this section of this brief as it is key to understanding the Nation. Reading this Amendment, one will note there are 2 conditions that must be met for a person to be a citizen: 1) It must be born or naturalized in the United States, and 2) subject to the jurisdiction thereof.

Now, I am sure you remember that the United States is a corporation. This is an established fact. It is also an established fact that the term “Citizen” is the title of an Office. The use of the term “person” in this Amendment is obviously referring to an artificial person, it could be nothing else.

In light of these facts, the word “born” needs to be 'looked' at very close. Many people presume that the word “born” has to do with the day a baby comes out of the mothers womb and the umbilical cord is cut - the miracle of life. Granted, that is one use of the word “born”, but, there is another definition or context this term is used in. For example, as it is used in this sentence:

“The author gave birth to an epic character in his novel and with a stroke of his pen the Hero was born, and as they read the carefully chosen words the author used to flesh out this figment of his imagination, the Hero came to life in the mind in the readers.”

As one contemplates the facts, you will see that there is no way that this term, regarding the creation of artificial persons of a political corporation, can be being used in the context of the the miracle of life. As term “born” is not defined in Bouvier's Law Dictionary in any context, I will be quoting Websters' 1913 edition:

Born \Born\ (b[^o]rn), p. p. & a. [See {Bear}, v. t.]

1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth.

2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar.

Let's take another look at the first part of that first sentence again, and clarify it in light of the definition and proper context:

Section. 1. All artificial persons born or naturalized in the United States...

How is an artificial person “born” or “naturalized” in a political corporation like the United States???

The answer is very simple: a personnel file is created.

A personnel file is simply a record indexed by name or identification number that includes, but is not limited to, various Official Forms and Official Documents pertaining to the particular artificial person.

See, when a baby is born at a hospital, a birth certificate is created and then recorded in the State records. This starts a personnel file and a Citizen is born in the United States and the State.

So that answers the question of “How is an artificial person born?”, but how is one “naturalized”?

To answer the question of how an artificial person is naturalized, I am going to use 2 Nations in the example, the political corporations United States and England.

Two babies are born, and two artificial persons are created (personnel files are created for each of the babies to use... if they want). One personnel file is a Citizen of the United States, and the other one is a Citizen of England.

Each political corporation has different ways of keeping records, and they have different types of government (Republic vs. Monarchy), but they both maintain records, and the records contain very similar basic details.

When the babies grow up and become men, the "English" man decides he wants “dual citizenship”.

While this process is more complicated then what I am describing, to do this, a new personnel file must be created in the United States' records. The creation of this new artificial person is accomplished by transferring all the information from the personnel file in the records of England into forms and documents of the United States, and thus the artificial person of England is said to have become a naturalized Citizen of the United States.

Section. 1. All artificial persons created or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof ...

While there are many contexts that the term “jurisdiction” is used in, the etymology of this word is relevant to this amendment. In Latin, juris translates to meaning “of right” and/or “of law” and diction would be, “wording; or the manner in which something is expressed in words”. There is an old principle called the Right of Creation - The creation is subject to the creator. So it follows that an artificial person created and registered in the United States is subject to the laws of the United States. Another way to look at this is that 'employees of a corporation are subject to company policy'. I am sure people have heard the term “Public Policy” before.

Section. 1. All artificial persons created or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the written laws thereof, are citizens of the United States

Make note that as an Office, those holding Citizenship are like an "employee" of the corporation. It would be better to describe them as an "intern at a law firm" then as an "employee", because someone holding the Office of Citizen doesn't get paid for this, but they do have the opportunity to eventually hold a paying position in the corporation. In fact, if you want to work in/for the United States, you have to be a Citizen.

Heres a question for the readers, which is a higher Office, “President” or “Citizen”?

I will leave readers to research the answer on their own.

Now we are going to look at this last section, of the first sentence, of the 14th Amendment.

Section. 1. All artificial persons created in the United States, and subject to the written laws thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

Reside and Resident are 2 words that require a look into their etymology as well. They are a combination of 2 words, res, and an abbreviation of the word identify or identified. Res-ide. Res-ident.

RES, property. Things.

RESIDENT, persons. A person coming into a place with intention to establish his domicil or permanent residence, and who in consequence actually remains there.

DOMICIL. The place where a person has fixed his ordinary dwelling, without a present intention of removal.

-- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) (in part)

Artificial persons are things. They 'live' in a personnel file. This file makes it's 'permanent home' in the State's public record. Thus, Citizens reside in the State. Note in the verbiage there are at least 2 Offices. Remember, each State is a corporation, and they all united and formed the United States, so there is: the Office of Citizen of the United States, and the Office of Citizen of the State of New York (or the state wherein the Citizen resides).

Amendment XIV – Section. 1. All artificial persons created in the political corporation called United States(tm), and subject to the written laws thereof, are oficers of this political corporation and of the political corporation[s] wherein they are filed.

The next section is much easier to explain now that the first part has been cleared up. Like any position in any corporation, be it political or private, the various roles are filled by actual human beings. i.e. The Manager of a store. While the title Manager is an artificial person, there is a human being getting paid to fill this role and preform the duties assigned to the Manager. Remember, a persona is the mask and actor wears. There will also be other positions in store, like assistant manager, and the cashier. There is also a hierarchy or ranking system in the corporate structure and anyone who has ever worked for a mean boss knows that there needs to be some protection for the employees. A servant or employee is NOT a slave. We find the other section of the 14th Amendment protects the people while they are holding any Office:

.... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

See, until the 14th Amendment was ratified, only the “people” were protected by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. If one take a close look at the Bill of Rights (which is technically the first 10 Amendments that were made at the time of adopting the Constitution), one will notice that the term “Citizen” is not used in a single one of the first 10 Amendments. As we can see from the review of the definitions presented in this political brief, there is a HUGE difference between the People, the group of human beings that created a corporation, and the Office of Citizen among other Offices.

The Bill of Rights


Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Amendment VII

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

See? Not once was the word “Citizen” mentioned in the Bill of Rights. The use of the word person, in context, would be natural persons.

Now, take another look at the 14th Amendment and note that only some of these rights are protected to the People when they chose to operate in their Office of Citizen:

Amendment XIV – Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

As an example, an obvious right that is not included is the Amendment is the right to bear arms. This is how Congress is able to legaly restrict Citizens from having guns or impose certain requirements upon them. As Officers of the United States, they are subject to additional sets of statutes, revised statutes, codes, rules, regulations, public policy, etc..

All people are obligated to observe the law of nature and the common law, but as an intern or employee of any corporation, there are rules and policy that employees have to follow that people making use of the services the corporation provides don't.

There are also employee benefits!!! Like Social Security and the ability to get good paying government jobs among other benefits that are not going to be addressed in this brief.



Kindly forgive the fact this was not very brief. I wanted to draft up a single written work that would lay a decent foundation based on easly verifiable facts in answer of the questions of:

What are the People?
What is the United States?
What is a Citizen?
What is the relationship between them?

Much Love,

Christopher Theodore: Rhodes


P.S.

As there are some customs or distinctions that I have made in the past and that I know many readers at suijuris.net make regarding case of lettering in some titles, kindly note that, in this brief:

I am not making any distinction between Citizen or citizen.

I am not making any distinction between "United States" or "United States of America".

I am not making any distinction between "UNITED STATES" or "United States".


P.P.S

I hope you enjoied this article, do feel free to point out how it can be improved.

[Jerry Pitts]

Speaking of 'patriot mythology', let us also consider 'judicial mythology'.

Here in Florida, the judges proclaim via the medium of the Florida Bar, that the judiciary has 'the inherent judicial power' they say this power is derived from the Florida Constitution article V.

Yet in the Constitution of the State of Florida, the word 'inherent' is used only one time, and it is not directed at the judiciary. Article 1 Section 1 of the Fla Const, clearly states that 'all POLITICAL power is 'inherent' in the PEOPLE',,, .

So based on the above, who in this audience can describe to me how a judge in Florida can say that he/she has an inherent anything as that thing might relate back to the Florida Constitution?

Jerry Carlos

[Jerry Pitts]

Originally Posted by Little Brother 192

So now you talk about any subject on this thread under the guise that this thread is about "Patriot Mythology"?

Since the rest of your post addresses no subject matter in this thread your post is useless and distracting.

Please refrain Bump-On-The-Head from these type of posts.

You are suffering frm a Bump-on-The-Head???? You must be..

It was you who introduced the subject of Patriot Mythology into this thread...

Originally Posted by Little Brother 192

There is not one once of credible thought, research, or presentation in this entire article and I am fully willing to debate any patriot mythologist on this article.

The subject was brought forward by your inference contained in the bold text immediately above.

If you don't like a particular subject being brought into an existing thread, which objectionable subject is 'off topic', then you should also refrain from doing the same.

Jerry Carlos

[Jerry Pitts]

Originally Posted by Little Brother 192

Yeah, I guess if I mentioned the word "blue" then you think it is appropriate to talk about your blue car that you just purchased. Your such a fool.

Just because I mention a word does not mean that the word has become the topic of this thread.

Alright Bump On The Head... what is it you want to say about a patriot myth that has NOTHING to do with the office of citizen?

I will say this. Cody James; Roberts is no attorney and therefore, his credentials are no better than anyone else on this forum. His vain speech is pure rot gut manufactured by the chemically induced hallucinations that he suffers from. If in FACT he has not told another lie in regard to his name that he has deliberately posted to the forum after so many months and years of posting under stage names (aliases).

Your so-called legal opinion is mere NOTHING. Your opinion is no more nor any less than the opinions of others that post here. With one exception. Others tend to tell the truth. Even Shoonra, has admitted to having made a mistake regarding research on a particular subject and thread. But not Cody James; Roberts. That individual/person/human being desires that everyone respect his opinion as one that is infallible.

What are you currently majoring in Cody? Is it by any chance something not related to the required learnings that would enable someone to obtain a permission to practice law?

Jerry Carlos

[jeagas68]

Had to add this to original post as further clarification;

Definition of Federal Personnel:

Look up: 5 USC 552a(13)

Anybody accepting benefits are using a creation of another is using benefits giving such creator jurisdiction in the subject matter. aka using state or federal statutes, policies or regulations.

In the Constitution "The People" is the CORPORATE body Politic, for example see the North Carolina Statutes Chapter 12, it lists titles in the Corporate body politic aka Individuals, Persons, Corporations, elected offices, nowhere does mention man or woman.
When dealing in political tribunals such terms as "Labor" is considered an entity.

The PERSON is a computer entry, with a name and number, you are just a man or woman charged with the duty by application to be the Fiduciary Administrator of the account.

More to come later...

[Jerry Pitts]

Originally Posted by jeagas68

Had to add this to original post as further clarification;

Definition of Federal Personnel:

Look up: 5 USC 552a(13)

Anybody accepting benefits are using a creation of another is using benefits giving such creator jurisdiction in the subject matter. aka using state or federal statutes, policies or regulations.

In the Constitution "The People" is the CORPORATE body Politic, for example see the North Carolina Statutes Chapter 12, it lists titles in the Corporate body politic aka Individuals, Persons, Corporations, elected offices, nowhere does mention man or woman.
When dealing in political tribunals such terms as "Labor" is considered an entity.

The PERSON is a computer entry, with a name and number, you are just a man or woman charged with the duty by application to be the Fiduciary Administrator of the account.

More to come later...

Well stated Jeagas68.

Jerry Carlos

[aksis]

Dear Members;

There was no intention to write an exhaustive treaties on the Office of "Citizen", simply a brief.

Sure, the brief could have been more or less complete. I simply presumed that the majority of SuiJuris members are intelligent and didn't need much more then a jist of the main point and some context. In fact, I thought it was a little too long winded my self.

Little Brother 192; (NOTICE: for those reading this thread, this member was banned for excessive rudeness and extreemly disruptive behavior and as the bulk of the posts were mainly verbal abuse desguised as some sort of civil debate, unfortinatly, they were removed so some posts being made in resopnse to "Little Brother 192" will not make much sense.)

Most members here didn't need anything more then to see the Title of the Brief, as that really says it all and they could have written this brief in their own words, off the top of their head.

As far as your offer for "debating", no. It is refused for cause. You don't want to debate, you simply want to be insulting and play the fool and/or head games and have been added to my ignore list. I am sure if you say anything worth reading someone will quote you.

Further, it would be akin to debating whether or not to call it "sunrise" requires the sun to have simply created on the horizon, or, for it to have fully appeared.


The crux of your deranged "position" is that a Citizen has no public duties or any rights to exercise any public functions and that is just silly and crazy. (btw, this is why no one was interested in responding to you, not because you have some valid point that was soooo awesome that it left everyone speechless... It was more like, "ugh, do I have to respond to such non-sense?!?!?! Again?!?!!? No...")

There are over 300,000 results in a google search for duties of citizens and most of them point out various public functions, responsibilities, and duties that Citizens have, and I will not waste my time with a pointless debate about it.

http://www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&safe=off&q=duties+of+Citizens &btnG=Search


Here is something from one of those links:

General Theory of Law and State.
Translated by Anders Wedberg.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945.
page 293 - right to suffrage

"... The fact that suffrage is a public function by which which essential organs of the state are created is not incompatible with its organization as a right in the technical sense of the term; ..."

But that's just some of those Harvard University Press kooks.. everyone knows they only publish unresearched rubbish anyways.



Sincerely,

Christopher Theodore: Rhodes


P.S.

Now, could we honestly say that the "I am not a part of myself" argument that Little Brother 192 is making here has "... got to be one of the worst arguments ever conceived"?

Originally Posted by Little Brother 192

Saying that you are not your person, persona, personality, is not like an actor saying he is not a mask...

It is more like saying that I am not my arm. It is true that you are not entirely your arm... however your arm is you.

This rock dweller "Christopher Theodor of Rhodes" makes the argument:

Your person is a part of you, and to claim that you are not your person is 1) stupid 2) moronic 3) childish 4) insane 5) silly enough to be spewed forth from David Merrill.

The "I am not a part of myself" argument has got to be one of the worst arguments ever conceived...

You created the argument. I think you may be correct in this point for a change. Your "I am not a part of myself" argument, has got to be one of the worst arguments ever conceived (yet it remains second to the one you made about voting not being a public function). It is obviously not my position as to arrive at this conclusion required you to grossly misquote me, and simply proves you guilty of everything you have been accusing me of in this thread.... poor research, failing to provide complete quotes, etc..

Your Drivers License or State ID (and the like) is obviously nothing like an arm or a finger or any other appendage of your body. What a strange psychosis you have... are you a danger to your self or others yet? You remind me of this guy that used to post here named Codee. He posted crazy things just like this.

Anyways, collections of documents that describe one's physical characteristics are NOT, and shall never be a part of one's body.

I can almost hear you now:

Don't mock me my friend. It's a condition of mental divergence. I find myself [in The State], part of an intellectual elite, preparing to subjugate the barbarian hordes of some [Foreign State]. But even though this is a totally convincing reality for me in every way, nevertheless [The State] is actually a construct of my psyche. I am mentally divergent, in that I am escaping certain unnamed realities that plague my life here. When I stop going there, I will be well. Are you also divergent, friend?

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114746/quotes