Statutes At Large vs. U.S. Code

[weishaupt1776]

From Education from Transparency
Statutes of Large vs. The U.S. Code!

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large, is the official source for the laws and resolutions passed by Congress. Publication began in 1845 by the private firm of Little, Brown and Company under authority granted by a joint resolution of Congress. In 1874, Congress transferred the authority to publish the Statutes at Large to the Government Printing Office, which has been responsible for producing the set since that time.

Every law, public and private, ever enacted by the Congress is published in the Statutes at Large in order of the date of its passage. Until 1948, all treaties and international agreements approved by the Senate were also published in the set. In addition, the Statutes at Large includes the text of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution, treaties with Indians and foreign nations, and presidential proclamations.

See 1 USC Chapter 3 Section 204(A) In all courts, tribunals, and public offices of the United States, at home or abroad, of the District of Columbia, and of each State, Territory, or insular possession of the United States—
(a) United States Code.— The matter set forth in the edition of the Code of Laws of the United States current at any time shall, together with the then current supplement, if any, establish prima facie the laws of the United States, general and permanent in their nature, in force on the day preceding the commencement of the session following the last session the legislation of which is included: Provided, however, That whenever titles of such Code shall have been enacted into positive law the text thereof shall be legal evidence of the laws therein contained, in all the courts of the United States, the several States, and the Territories and insular possessions of the United States.


Positive law. "Law actually and specifically enacted or adopted by proper authority for the government of an organized jural society." Black's Law Dictionary 5th Edition

Prima facie. "At first sight; on the first appearance; on the face of it; so far as can be judged from the first disclosure; presumably; a fact presumed to be true unless disproved by some evidence to the contrary." Black's Law Dictionary 5th Edition

Official source for the United States laws is Statute at Large and United States Code is only prima facie evidence of such laws. Royer's Inc. v. United States (1959, CA3 Pa) 265 F.2d 615, 59-1 USTC 9371, 3 AFTR 2d 1137.

Statutes at Large are "legal evidence" of laws contained therein and are accepted as proof of those laws in any court of United States. Bear v. United States (1985, DC Neb) 611 F Supp 589, affd (1987, CA8 Neb) 810 F.2d 153.


Unless Congress affirmatively enacts title of United States Code into law, title is only prima facie" evidence of law. Preston v. Heckler (1984, CA9 Alaska) 734 F.2d 1359, 34 CCH EPD 34433, later proceeding (1984, DC Alaska) 596 F Supp 1158.

Where title has not been enacted into positive law, title is only prima facie or rebuttable evidence of law, and if construction is necessary, recourse may be had to original statutes themselves. United States v. Zuger (1984, DC Conn) 602 F Supp 889, affd without op (1985, CA2 Conn) 755 F.2d 915, cert den and app dismd (1985) 474 US 805, 88 L Ed 2d 32, 106 S Ct 38.


Even codification into positive law will not give code precedence where there is conflict between codification and Statutes at Large. Warner v. Goltra (1934) 293 US 155, 79 L Ed 254, 55 S Ct 46; Stephan v. United States (1943) 319 US 423, 87 L Ed 1490, 63 S Ct 1135; United States v. Welden (1964) 377 US 95, 12 L 2d 152, 84 S Ct 1082.
United States Code does not prevail over Statutes at Large when the two are inconsistent. Stephan v. United States (1943) 319 US 423, 87 L Ed 1490, 63 S Ct 1135; Peart v. The Motor Vessel Bering Explorer (1974, DC Alaska) 373 F Supp 927.

Although United States Code establishes prima facie what laws of United States are, to extent that provisions of United States Code are inconsistent with Statutes at Large, Statutes at Large will prevail. Best Food, Inc. v. United States (1965) 37 Cust Ct 1, 147 F Supp 749.

Where there is conflict between codification and Statutes at Large, Statutes at Large must prevail. American Export Lines, Inc. v. United States (1961) 153 Ct Cl 201, 290 F. 2d 925; Abell v. United States (1975) 207 Ct Cl 207, 518 F.2d 1369, cert den (1976) 429 US 817, 50 L Ed 2d 76, 97 S Ct 59.

"This distinction between the* Statutes at Large* and the U.S.C. can be better understood in the context of positive and non-positive law.** A non-positive law title of the Code (such as Title 29 -- Labor, for example) consists of* Statutes at Large* which have not been enacted directly to such title, but which have been codified to such title by the Law Revision Council.** On the other hand, in a positive law title (such as Title 10 -- Armed Forces),* Statutes at Large* have been enacted directly to such title.* Because of this distinction, it is not uncommon to find such words as* 'title'* or* 'Act'* appearing in the text of a* Statutes at Large* which have been codified to a non-positive law title of the Code.** While we preserve such language in U.S.C.S., the compilers of the U.S.C. substitute words such as* 'chapter'* or* 'subchapter.'** This substitutionary policy has, on several occasions, resulted in conflict between the U.S.C. and the* Statutes at Large.** For example, in one case it was held that use of the word 'Act' in the* Statutes at Large* prevailed over substitution of the word 'chapter' by the compilers of the Code (see* United States v. Vivian* (1955, CA7 Ill.)* 224 F.2d 53, cert den 350 US 953,* 100 L.Ed. 830,* 76 S.Ct. 340 (1956)).

*********** "The driving force behind our policy of adhering to the exact language of the* Statutes at Large* is to present and preserve federal statutes in their most accurate form.** While this effort may lead to confusion when such words as* 'title'* or* 'Act'* appear in the text of a non-positive law section, we attempt to resolve any confusion by either inserting bracketed references in the text of the statute, or by dropping a* 'Reference-in-text'* note to inform the reader what is being referred to by the word or phrase in question.

[weishaupt1776]

Statutes at Large* v.* United States Code

************ "The following cases either expressly hold or support the proposition that when a conflict exists between the Statutes at Large (or Revised Statutes) and provisions of a non-positive law title of the United States Code, the provisions of the Statutes at Large (or Revised Statutes) prevail:


************ UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT:
Warner v. Goltra* (1934)* 293 US 155,* 79 L.Ed. 254,* 55 S.Ct. 46;
Stephan v. United States* (1943)* 319 US 423,* 87 L.Ed. 1490,* 63 S.Ct. 1135;
Nashville Milk Co. v. Carnation Co.* (1958)* 355 US 373,* 2 L.Ed.2d 340,* 78 S.Ct. 352;
United States v. Welden* (1964)* 377 US 95,* 12 L.Ed.2d 152,* 84 S.Ct. 1082;
United States v. Neifert-White Co.* (1968)* 390 US 228,* 19 L.Ed.2d 1061,* 88 S.Ct. 959;
Goldstein v. Cox* (1970)* 396 US 471,* 24 L.Ed.2d 663,* 90 S.Ct. 671;
United States v. Bornstein* (1976)* 423 US 303,* 46 L.Ed.2d 514,* 96 S.Ct. 523;
American Bank & Trust Co. v. Dallas County* (1983)* 463 US 855,* 77 L.Ed.2d 1072,* 103 S.Ct. 3369.


************ SECOND CIRCUIT:
Leonardi v. Chase Nat. Bank* (1936, CA2 NY)* 81 F.2d 19, cert den 298 US 677,* 80 L.Ed. 1398,* 56 S.Ct. 941;
United States ex rel. Kessler v. Mercur Corp.* (1936, CA2 NY)* 83 F.2d 178, cert den 299 US 576,* 81 L.Ed. 424, 57 S.Ct. 40;
United States v. Zuger* (1984, DC Conn)* 602 F.Supp. 889, aff'd without op. 755 F.2d 915, cert den 474 US 805,* 88 L.Ed.2d 32,* 106 S.Ct. 38.



************ THIRD CIRCUIT:
Royer's Inc. v. United States* (1959, CA3 Pa.)* 265 F.2d 615;
Crilly v. SEPTA* (1975, CA3 Pa.)* 529 F.2d 1355;
United States v. Hibbs* (1976, ED Pa.)* 420 F.Supp. 1365, vacated on other grounds 568 F.2d 347;
United States v. Gigli* (1984, WD Pa.)* 37 BR 939.



************ FOURTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Shively* (1936, DC Va.)* 15 F.Supp. 107.



************ FIFTH CIRCUIT:
Murrell v. Western Union Tel. Co.* (1947, CA5 Fla.)* 160 F.2d 787.



************ SIXTH CIRCUIT:
Rose v. National Cash Register Corp.* (1983,CA6 Mich.)* 703 F.2d 225, cert den 464 US 939,* 78 L.Ed.2d 317,* 104 S.Ct. 352 (1983);
Marx v. Centran Corp.* (1984, CA6 Ohio)* 747 F.2d 1536, cert den 471 US 1125,* 86 L.Ed.2d 273,* 105 S.Ct. 2656 (1985);
United States ex rel. Boyd v. McMurtry* (1933, WD Ky)* 5 F.Supp. 515.



************ SEVENTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Vivian* (1955, CA7 Ill.)* 224 F.2d 53;
Lode v. Leonardo* (1982, ND Ill.) 557 F.Supp. 675; Young v. IRS* (1984, ND Ind.)* 596 F.Supp. 141;
United States v. Burgess* (December 1, 1987, ND Ill.)* 1987 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11227,* 1987 WL 39092.



************ EIGHTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Wodtke* (1985, ND Iowa)* 627 F.Supp. 1034.



************ NINTH CIRCUIT:
Preston v. Heckler* (1984, CA9 Alaska)* 734 F.2d 1359, 34 CCH EPD P 34433;
Ryan v. Bilby* (1985, CA9 Ariz.)* 764 F.2d 1325;
Woner v. Lewis* (1935, DC Cal.)* 13 F.Supp. 45;
Peart v. The Motor Vessel Bering Explorer* (1974, DC Alaska)* 373 F.Supp. 927.



************ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT:
Five Flags Pipe Line Co. v. Department of Transportation* (1988, App. DC)* 854 F.2d 1438.
************ OTHER COURTS:
American Export Lines, Inc. v. United States* (1961, Ct. Cl.)* 290 F.2d 925,* 153 Ct. Cl. 201;
Best Food, Inc. v. United States* (1956) 37 Cust. Ct. 1, 147 F.Supp. 749.

************ "The two most recent cases which have addressed this matter 1* are* Five Flags Pipe Line Co. v. Department of Transportation* (1988, App. DC)* 854 F.2d 1438* and* United States v. Burgess* (December 1, 1987, ND Ill.)* 1987 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11227,* 1987 WL 39092.* In* Five Flags,* the court stated:* 'Where the language of the* Statutes at Large* conflicts with the language of the* United States Code that has not been enacted into positive law, the language of the* Statutes at Large* controls.'* In* Burgess,* the court, in addressing the constitutionality of criminal prosecution under a statute not published in the* United States Code,* stated that the* Statutes at Large* are 'legal evidence of laws,' while those laws published in the* United States Code* are only prima facie evidence of the laws of the United States."

[Libertarian]

Good discussion of this iisue (from Larry Becraft) here:

http://home.hiwaay.net/%7Ebecraft/titles.html

Mistaken Reply . . . .

Originally Posted by weishaupt1776

Statutes at Large* v.* United States Code

************ "The following cases either expressly hold or support the proposition that when a conflict exists between the Statutes at Large (or Revised Statutes) and provisions of a non-positive law title of the United States Code, the provisions of the Statutes at Large (or Revised Statutes) prevail:


************ UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT:
Warner v. Goltra* (1934)* 293 US 155,* 79 L.Ed. 254,* 55 S.Ct. 46;
Stephan v. United States* (1943)* 319 US 423,* 87 L.Ed. 1490,* 63 S.Ct. 1135;
Nashville Milk Co. v. Carnation Co.* (1958)* 355 US 373,* 2 L.Ed.2d 340,* 78 S.Ct. 352;
United States v. Welden* (1964)* 377 US 95,* 12 L.Ed.2d 152,* 84 S.Ct. 1082;
United States v. Neifert-White Co.* (1968)* 390 US 228,* 19 L.Ed.2d 1061,* 88 S.Ct. 959;
Goldstein v. Cox* (1970)* 396 US 471,* 24 L.Ed.2d 663,* 90 S.Ct. 671;
United States v. Bornstein* (1976)* 423 US 303,* 46 L.Ed.2d 514,* 96 S.Ct. 523;
American Bank & Trust Co. v. Dallas County* (1983)* 463 US 855,* 77 L.Ed.2d 1072,* 103 S.Ct. 3369.


************ SECOND CIRCUIT:
Leonardi v. Chase Nat. Bank* (1936, CA2 NY)* 81 F.2d 19, cert den 298 US 677,* 80 L.Ed. 1398,* 56 S.Ct. 941;
United States ex rel. Kessler v. Mercur Corp.* (1936, CA2 NY)* 83 F.2d 178, cert den 299 US 576,* 81 L.Ed. 424, 57 S.Ct. 40;
United States v. Zuger* (1984, DC Conn)* 602 F.Supp. 889, aff'd without op. 755 F.2d 915, cert den 474 US 805,* 88 L.Ed.2d 32,* 106 S.Ct. 38.



************ THIRD CIRCUIT:
Royer's Inc. v. United States* (1959, CA3 Pa.)* 265 F.2d 615;
Crilly v. SEPTA* (1975, CA3 Pa.)* 529 F.2d 1355;
United States v. Hibbs* (1976, ED Pa.)* 420 F.Supp. 1365, vacated on other grounds 568 F.2d 347;
United States v. Gigli* (1984, WD Pa.)* 37 BR 939.



************ FOURTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Shively* (1936, DC Va.)* 15 F.Supp. 107.



************ FIFTH CIRCUIT:
Murrell v. Western Union Tel. Co.* (1947, CA5 Fla.)* 160 F.2d 787.



************ SIXTH CIRCUIT:
Rose v. National Cash Register Corp.* (1983,CA6 Mich.)* 703 F.2d 225, cert den 464 US 939,* 78 L.Ed.2d 317,* 104 S.Ct. 352 (1983);
Marx v. Centran Corp.* (1984, CA6 Ohio)* 747 F.2d 1536, cert den 471 US 1125,* 86 L.Ed.2d 273,* 105 S.Ct. 2656 (1985);
United States ex rel. Boyd v. McMurtry* (1933, WD Ky)* 5 F.Supp. 515.



************ SEVENTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Vivian* (1955, CA7 Ill.)* 224 F.2d 53;
Lode v. Leonardo* (1982, ND Ill.) 557 F.Supp. 675; Young v. IRS* (1984, ND Ind.)* 596 F.Supp. 141;
United States v. Burgess* (December 1, 1987, ND Ill.)* 1987 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11227,* 1987 WL 39092.



************ EIGHTH CIRCUIT:
United States v. Wodtke* (1985, ND Iowa)* 627 F.Supp. 1034.



************ NINTH CIRCUIT:
Preston v. Heckler* (1984, CA9 Alaska)* 734 F.2d 1359, 34 CCH EPD P 34433;
Ryan v. Bilby* (1985, CA9 Ariz.)* 764 F.2d 1325;
Woner v. Lewis* (1935, DC Cal.)* 13 F.Supp. 45;
Peart v. The Motor Vessel Bering Explorer* (1974, DC Alaska)* 373 F.Supp. 927.



************ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT:
Five Flags Pipe Line Co. v. Department of Transportation* (1988, App. DC)* 854 F.2d 1438.
************ OTHER COURTS:
American Export Lines, Inc. v. United States* (1961, Ct. Cl.)* 290 F.2d 925,* 153 Ct. Cl. 201;
Best Food, Inc. v. United States* (1956) 37 Cust. Ct. 1, 147 F.Supp. 749.

************ "The two most recent cases which have addressed this matter 1* are* Five Flags Pipe Line Co. v. Department of Transportation* (1988, App. DC)* 854 F.2d 1438* and* United States v. Burgess* (December 1, 1987, ND Ill.)* 1987 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11227,* 1987 WL 39092.* In* Five Flags,* the court stated:* 'Where the language of the* Statutes at Large* conflicts with the language of the* United States Code that has not been enacted into positive law, the language of the* Statutes at Large* controls.'* In* Burgess,* the court, in addressing the constitutionality of criminal prosecution under a statute not published in the* United States Code,* stated that the* Statutes at Large* are 'legal evidence of laws,' while those laws published in the* United States Code* are only prima facie evidence of the laws of the United States."

[dashboy]

Cute_Chick,
Ill get most of that stuff out to you tonight and in the morning. Also for a little fun what does the NCUA stand for and what does CUNA stand for? OK, OK, i'll answer it! National Credit Union Administration and Credit Union National Association. Wow!!!! Looks like these two NA's got something to do with credit unions both state and federal regulated!! hmmm? I wonder if we could find more info on this??
http://www.ncua.gov/
http://www.cuna.org/
Wow, one is even a liquidity facility (NCUA)! I wonder what liquidity is??

Definition of bank
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 17 > Sec. 1813. - Definitions As used in this chapter - (a) Definitions of Bank and Related Terms. - (1) Bank. - The term ''bank'' - (A) means any national bank, State bank, and District bank, and any Federal branch and insured branch; (B) includes any former savings association that - (i) has converted from a savings association charter; and (ii) is a Savings Association Insurance Fund member.
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 17 > Sec. 1841.
Sec. 1841. - Definitions
(c) Bank Defined. - For purposes of this chapter - In general. ¡V (A) An insured bank as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(h)). (B) An institution organized under the laws of the United States, any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, any territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands which both - (i) accepts demand deposits or deposits that the depositor may withdraw by check or similar means for payment to third parties or others; and (ii) is engaged in the business of making commercial loans.
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 16 > Sec. 1813.
Sec. 1813. - Definitions As used in this chapter -
(a) Definitions of Bank and Related Terms.
The term ''insured bank'' means any bank (including a foreign bank having an insured branch) the deposits of which are insured in accordance with the provisions of this chapter; and the term ''noninsured bank'' means any bank the deposits of which are not so insured.
(7) Sec. 1752. - Definitions The term ''insured credit union'' means any credit union the member accounts of which are insured in accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter, and the term ''noninsured credit union'' means any credit union the member accounts of which are not so insured;
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 3 > SUBCHAPTER I > Sec. 221. Sec. 221. - Definitions Wherever the word ''bank'' is used in this chapter, the word shall be held to include State bank, banking association, and trust company, except where national banks or Federal reserve banks are specifically referred to.
The terms ''national bank'' and ''national banking association'' used in this chapter shall be held to be synonymous and interchangeable. The term ''member bank'' shall be held to mean any national bank, State bank, or bank or trust company which has become a member of one of the Federal reserve banks. The term ''board'' shall be held to mean Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the term ''district'' shall be held to mean Federal reserve district; the term ''reserve bank'' shall be held to mean Federal reserve bank; the term ''the continental United States'' means the States of the United States and the District of Columbia.
Sec. 222. - Federal reserve districts; membership of national banks The continental United States, excluding Alaska, shall be divided into not less than eight nor more than twelve districts. Such districts may be readjusted and new districts may from time to time be created by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, not to exceed twelve in all: Provided, That the districts shall be apportioned with due regard to the convenience and customary course of business and shall not necessarily be coterminous with any State or States. Such districts shall be known as Federal Reserve districts and may be designated by number. When the State of Alaska or Hawaii is hereafter admitted to the Union the Federal Reserve districts shall be readjusted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in such manner as to include such State. Every national bank in any State shall, upon commencing business or within ninety days after admission into the Union of the State in which it is located, become a member bank of the Federal Reserve System by subscribing and paying for stock in the Federal Reserve bank of its district in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and shall thereupon be an insured bank under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq.), and failure to do so shall subject such bank to the penalty provided by section 501a of this title
What is a Bank?
In Blacks Law book, original 4th Edition, a bank is defined as: ¡§ A bench or seat; the bench of the justice; the bench of the tribunal occupied by the judges; the seat of the judgment; a court. The full bench, or full court; the assembly of all the judges of a court.¡¨ Main Entry: 3bank Function: noun tymology: Middle English, from Middle French or Old Italian; Middle French banque, from Old Italian banca, literally, bench, of Germanic origin; akin to Old English benc Date: 15th century 1 a : an establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue of money, for the extension of credit, and for facilitating the transmission of funds b obsolete : the table, counter, or place of business of a money changer 2 : a person conducting a gambling house or game; specifically : DEALER 3 : a supply of something held in reserve: as a : the fund of supplies (as money, chips, or pieces) held by the banker or dealer for use in a game b : a fund of pieces belonging to a game (as dominoes) from which the players draw 4 : a place where something is held available <memory bank>; especially : a depot for the collection and storage of a biological product of human origin for medical use <blood bank>
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 2 > SUBCHAPTER XV > Sec. 214. Sec. 214. - Definitions
(a) As used in this subchapter and section 321 of this title the term ''State bank'' means any bank, banking association, trust company, savings bank (other than a mutual savings bank), or other banking institution which is engaged in the business of receiving deposits and which is incorporated under the laws of any State, any Territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, or which is operating under the Code of Law for the District of Columbia (except a national banking association).
(b) For purposes of merger or consolidation under this subchapter and section 321 of this title the term ''national banking association'' means one or more national banking associations, and the term ''State bank'' means one or more State banks
TITLE 12 > CHAPTER 2 > SUBCHAPTER I > Sec. 21.
Sec. 21. - Formation of national banking associations; incorporators; articles of association
Associations for carrying on the business of banking under title 62 of the Revised Statutes may be formed by any number of natural persons, not less in any case than five. They shall enter into articles of association, which shall specify in general terms the object for which the association is formed, and may contain any other provisions, not inconsistent with law, which the association may see fit to adopt for the regulation of its business and the conduct of its affairs. These articles shall be signed by the persons uniting to form the association, and a copy of them shall be forwarded to the Comptroller of the Currency, to be filed and preserved in his office
Sec. 329. - Capital stock required as condition precedent to membership No applying bank shall be admitted to membership unless it possesses capital stock and surplus which, in the judgment of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, are adequate in relation to the character and condition of its assets and to its existing and prospective deposit liabilities and other corporate responsibilities: Provided, That no bank engaged in the business of receiving deposits other than trust funds, which does not possess capital stock and surplus in an amount equal to that which would be required for the establishment of a national banking association in the place in which it is located, shall be admitted to membership unless it is, or has been, approved for deposit insurance under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq.). The capital stock of a State member bank shall not be reduced except with the prior consent of the Board
12 USC Banks and Banking
Chapter I of that title contains regulations promulgated by the Comptroller
of the Currency, Department of the Treasury.
ħChapter II, regulations governing the Federal Reserve System.
ħChapter III, the regulations of the Federal Deposit Insurance. Corporation.
ħChapter V, the regulations of the Office of Thrift Supervision of the Department of the Treasury. ħOther chapters contain contains the regulations of the Export-Import Bank, Farm Credit Administration, Natural Credit Union Administration, Federal Financing Bank, Federal Finance Institutions Examination Council, Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board, and the Resolution Trust Corporation.

1. So is your federal insured credit union a member bank of the Federal Reserve?
2. So is your credit union federally insured?
3. So is your credit union in the business of making loans and accepting demand deposit?
4. So does your credit union fall somewhere under the overlooming powers of the OCC and the FRB?
So I guess it is really a bank just like all the rest! They just gotta divie up the pie so it looks good to the public! So is ther a difference in say a credit union and say a Citibank? Well yes but only in the facts of what agency is regulating it and what services it offers but they all FALL UNDER THE OCC AND THE FRB. Other than that, they are the same
dash~

[weishaupt1776]

Mad Props to Libertarian and Dash

Dash, your banking knowledge is the illinest!

Did you get my PM?

[dashboy]

Weis,
I got it! I PM'ed you back! I think I know what happened! I spent to long writing the PM to you and must have got logged out prior to sending it because it is not showing in my PM history. I spent an hour writing that PM to you! I'll write it up again but I will send it via email.

dash!

[weishaupt1776]

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The United States Code is the codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States based on what is printed in the Statutes at Large. It is divided by broad subjects into 50 titles and published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives.

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